Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
1996 Citations

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  1. Aikman III, F., G. L. Mellor, T. Ezer, D. Sheinin, P. Chen, L. Breaker, K. Bosley, and D. B. Rao, 1996: Towards an operational nowcast/forecast system for the U.S. East Coast. In Modern Approaches to Data Assimilation in Ocean Modeling, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science, 347-376.
    Abstract

  2. Anderson, J. L., 1996: Impacts of dynamically constrained initial conditions on ensemble forecasts. In Preprints, 11th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction, Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 56-57.
    [No abstract]

  3. Anderson, J. L., 1996: A method of producing and evaluating probabilistic forecasts from ensemble model integrations. Journal of Climate, 9(7), 1518-1530.
    Abstract

  4. Anderson, J. L., 1996: Selection of initial conditions for ensemble forecasts in a simple perfect model framework. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 53(1), 22-36.
    Abstract

  5. Anderson, J. L., 1996: Verification of seasonal 'forecasts' from ensemble GCM integrations. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop, U.S. Dept. of Commerce/NOAA/NWS, 433-436.
    [No abstract]

  6. Anderson, J. L., and W. F. Stern, 1996: Evaluating the potential predictive utility of ensemble forecasts. Journal of Climate, 9(2), 260-269.
    Abstract

  7. Backhaus, J. O., H. Fohrmann, I. H. Harms, J. H. Jungclaus, and A. Rubino, 1996: Convective water mass and ice formation in Arctic shelf seas (numerical process studies). In Proceedings of the ACSYS Conference on the Dynamics of the Arctic Climate System, WMO/TD No. 760, WCRP-84, 83-96
    [No abstract]

  8. Balasubramanian, G., and M. K. Yau, 1996: The life cycle of a simulated marine cyclone: Energetics and PV diagnostics. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 53(4), 639-653.
    Abstract

  9. Bender, M. A., R. E. Tuleya, Y. Kurihara, and S. J. Lord, 1996: Results of the operational GFDL hurricane model at NCEP. In Preprints, 11th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction, Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 393-395.
    [No abstract]

  10. Broccoli, A. J., and E. P. Marciniak, 1996: Comparing simulated glacial climate and paleodata: A reexamination. Paleoceanography, 11(1), 3-14.
    Abstract

  11. Bryan, K., 1996: The role of mesoscale eddies in the poleward transport of heat by the oceans: A review. Physica D, 98(2-4), 249-257.
    Abstract

  12. Bryan, K., 1996: The steric component of sea level rise associated with enhanced greenhouse warming: A model study. Climate Dynamics, 12, 545-555.
    Abstract

  13. Burpee, R. W., S. J. Lord, J. L. Franklin, R. E. Tuleya, and S. D. Aberson, 1996: The impact of Omega dropwindsondes on operational hurricane track forecast models. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77(5), 925-933.
    Abstract

  14. Cess, R. D., M. H. Zhang, W. J. Ingram, G. L. Potter, V. Alekseev, H. W. Barker, E. Cohen-Solal, R. A. Colman, D. A. Dazlich, A. D. Del Genio, M. R. Dix, V. Dymnikov, M. Esch, L. D. Fowler, J. R. Fraser, V. Galin, W. L. Gates, J. J. Hack, J. T. Kiehl, H. Le Treut, K. K. W. Lo, B. J. McAvaney, V. P. Meleshko, J.-J. Morcrette, D. A. Randall, E. Roeckner, J.-F. Royer, M. E. Schlesinger, P. V. Sporyshev, B. Timbal, E. M. Volodin, K. E. Taylor, W. Wang, and R. T. Wetherald, 1996: Cloud feedback in atmospheric general circulation models: An update. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101(D8), 12,791-12,794.
    Abstract

  15. Chen, C-T., and V. Ramaswamy, 1996: Sensitivity of simulated global climate to perturbations in low-cloud microphysical properties. Part I: Globally uniform perturbations. Journal of Climate, 9(6), 1385-1402.
    Abstract

  16. Chen, C-T. and V. Ramaswamy, 1996: Sensitivity of simulated global climate to perturbations in low cloud microphysical properties. Part II: Spatially localized perturbations. Journal of Climate, 9(11), 2788-2801.
    Abstract

  17. Chen, C-T., E. Roeckner, and B. J. Soden, 1996: A comparison of satellite observations and model simulations of column-integrated moisture and upper-tropospheric humidity. Journal of Climate, 9(7), 1561-1585.
    Abstract

  18. D'Andrea, F., S. Tibaldi, M. Blackburn, G. Boer, M. Déqué, M.R. Dix, B. Dugas, L. Ferranti, T. Iwasaki, A. Kitoh, V. Pope, D. Randall, E. Roeckner, D. Straus, W. F. Stern, H. van den Dool, and D. Williamson, 1996: Northern Hemisphere Atmospheric Blocking as Simulated by 15 Atmospheric General Circulation Models in the Period 1979-1988 (Results from an AMIP Diagnostic Subproject), WCRP-96. WMO/TD-No. 784, WMO, 25 pp., figures, and appendix.
    Abstract

  19. Delworth, T. L., 1996: North Atlantic interannual variability in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Journal of Climate, 9(10), 2356-2375.
    Abstract

  20. Delworth, T., and S. Manabe, 1996: Climate variability and land surface processes. In From Atmospheric Circulation to Global Change - Celebration of the 80th Birthday of Prof. YE Duzheng, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing: China, China Meteorological Press, 477-502.
    Abstract

  21. Dengg, J., A. Beckmann, and R. Gerdes, 1996: The Gulf Stream separation problem. In The Warmwatersphere of the North Atlantic Ocean, Berlin, Germany: Gebrüder Borntraeger, 253-290.
    [No abstract]

  22. Dixon, K. W., J. L. Bullister, R. H. Gammon, and R. J. Stouffer, 1996: Examining a coupled climate model using CFC-11 as an ocean tracer. Geophysical Research Letters, 23(15), 1957-1960.
    Abstract

  23. Donner, L., 1996: Conditional and convective instability. In Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather, Vol. 1, New York: Oxford University Press, 186-191.
    [No abstract]

  24. Donner, L. J., B. J. Soden, and C. J. Seman, 1996: Use of ISCCP data to evaluate a GCM parameterization for ice clouds. In International Workshop on Research Uses of ISCCP Datasets, World Climate Research Programme, WCRP-97, WMO/TD No. 790, WMO, 11.39.
    [No abstract]

  25. Dunne, K. A., and C. J. Willmott, 1996: Global distribution of plant-extractable water capacity of soil. International Journal of Climatology, 16, 841-859.
    Abstract

  26. Figueroa, H. A., 1996: Notes and Correspondence: World Ocean density ratios. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 26(2), 267-275.
    Abstract

  27. Frey, R. A., S. A. Ackerman, and B. J. Soden, 1996: Climate parameters from satellite spectral measurements. Part I: Collocated AVHRR and HIRS/2 observations of spectral greenhouse parameter. Journal of Climate, 9(2), 327-344.
    Abstract

  28. Galbraith, N. R., A. Gnanadesikan, W. M. Ostrom, E. A. Terray, B. S. Way, N. J. Williams, S. H. Hill, and E. Terrill, 1996: Meteorological & Oceanographic data during the ASREX III Field Experiment: Cruise & Data Report, UOP Technical Report 96-1, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 243 pp.
    [No abstract]

  29. Ginis, I., and M. A. Bender, 1996: Coupled tropical cyclone-ocean modeling. In Research Activities in Atmospheric and Oceanic Modelling, CAS/JSC Working Group on Numerical Experimentation, Report No. 23 WMO/TD No. 734, 9.10-9.11.
    [No abstract]

  30. Gnanadesikan, A., 1996: Mixing driven by vertically variable forcing: an application to the case of Langmuir circulation. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 322, 81-107.
    Abstract

  31. Gnanadesikan, A., 1996: Modeling the diurnal cycle of carbon monoxide: Sensitivity to physics, chemistry, biology, and optics. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101(C5), 12,177-12,191.
    Abstract

  32. Gordon, C. T., A. Rosati, and R. Gudgel, 1996: The impact of specified ISCCP low clouds in coupled model integrations. In Preprints, 11th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction, Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 8-10.
    [No abstract]

  33. Gordon, C. T., A. Rosati, and R. Gudgel, 1996: The impact of specified ISCCP low clouds in coupled model integrations. In Research Activities in Atmospheric and Oceanic Modelling, CAS/JSC Working Group on Numerical Experimentation, Report No. 23 WMO/TD No. 734, 9.12-9.13.
    [No abstract]

  34. Gross, B. D., 1996: The effects of compressibility on barotropic and baroclinic instability. In Research Activities in Atmospheric and Oceanic Modelling, CAS/JSC Working Group on Numerical Experimentation, Report No. 23 WMO/TD No. 734, 2.10-2.11.
    [No abstract]

  35. Gruber, N., J. L. Sarmiento, T. F. Stocker, 1996: An improved method for detecting anthropogenic CO2 in the oceans. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 10(4), 809-837.
    Abstract

  36. Hallberg, R., and P. Rhines, 1996: Buoyancy-driven circulation in an ocean basin with isopycnals intersecting the sloping boundary. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 26(6), 913-940.
    Abstract

  37. Hamilton, K., 1996: Comprehensive meteorological modelling of the middle atmosphere: A tutorial review. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 58(14), 1591-1628.
    Abstract

  38. Hamilton, K., 1996: Tides. In Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather, Vol. 2, New York: Oxford University Press, 761-764.
    [No abstract]

  39. Harrison, M. J., A. Rosati, R. Gudgel, and J. Anderson, 1996: Initialization of coupled model forecasts using an improved ocean data assimilation system. In Preprints, 11th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction, Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 7.
    [No abstract]

  40. Haywood, J. M., K. P. Shine, and A. Slingo, 1996: Direct radiative forcing of anthropogenic sulfate and soot aerosol using a flexible radiation code and a GCM. In IRS '96: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation, Proceedings of the International Radiation Symposium, Fairbanks, Alaska, 19-24 August 1996. Hampton, Virginia: Deepak Publishing, 324-327.
    Abstract

  41. Held, I. M., and V. D. Larichev, 1996: A scaling theory for horizontally homogeneous, baroclinically unstable flow on a Beta plane. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 53(7), 946-952.
    [Abstract not available]

  42. Hibler, W. D. III, and C. F. Ip, 1996: Sea ice rheologies for use in climate models. In Proceedings of the ACSYS Conference on the Dynamics of the Arctic Climate System, WMO/TD No. 760, WCRP-94, 65.
    [No abstract]

  43. Hsieh, W. W., and K. Bryan, 1996: Redistribution of sea level rise associated with enhanced greenhouse warming: A simple model study. Climate Dynamics, 12, 535-544.
    Abstract

  44. Hurtt, G. C., and R. A. Armstrong, 1996: A pelagic ecosystem model calibrated with BATS data. Deep-Sea Research Part II, 43(2-3), 653-683.
    Abstract

  45. Joos, F., M. Bruno, R. Fink, U. Siegenthaler, T. F. Stocker, C. LeQuéré, and J. L. Sarmiento, 1996: An efficient and accurate representation of complex oceanic and biospheric models of anthropogenic carbon uptake. Tellus, 48B, 397-417.
    Abstract

  46. Kasibhatla, P., H. Levy II, A. Klonecki, and W. L. Chameides, 1996: Three-dimensional view of the large-scale tropospheric ozone distribution over the North Atlantic Ocean during summer. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101(D22), 29,305-29,316.
    Abstract

  47. Kattenberg, A., F. Giorgi, H. Grassl, G. A. Meehl, J. F. B. Mitchell, R. J. Stouffer, T. Tokioka, A. J. Weaver, and T. M. L. Wigley, 1996: Climate models - projections of future climate. In Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 289-357.
    [No abstract]

  48. Kourafalou, V. H., L-Y. Oey, J. D. Wang, and T. N. Lee, 1996: The fate of river discharge on the continental shelf. 1. Modeling the river plume and the innershelf coastal current. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101(C2), 3415-3434.
    Abstract

  49. Kourafalou, V. H., T. N. Lee, L-Y. Oey, and J. D. Wang, 1996: The fate of river discharge on the continental shelf. 2. Transport of coastal low-salinity waters under realistic wind and tidal forcing. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101(C2), 3435-3455.
    Abstract

  50. Kurihara, Y., R. E. Tuleya, and M. A. Bender, 1996: Simulation studies of tropical cyclones. In Research Activities in Atmospheric and Oceanic Modelling, CAS/JSC Working Group on Numerical Experimentation, Report No. 23 WMO/TD No. 734, 5.17-5.18.
    [No abstract]

  51. Kushnir, Y., and I. M. Held, 1996: Equilibrium atmospheric response to North Atlantic SST anomalies. Journal of Climate, 9(6), 1208-1220.
    Abstract

  52. Lanzante, J. R., 1996: Lag relationships involving tropical sea surface temperatures. Journal of Climate, 9(10), 2568-2578.
    Abstract

  53. Lanzante, J. R., 1996: Resistant, robust & non-parametric techniques for the analysis of climate data: Theory and examples, including applications to historical radiosonde station data. International Journal of Climatology, 16(11), 1197-1226.
    Abstract

  54. Lau, N-C., 1996: Variability of the midlatitude atmospheric circulation in relation to tropical and extratropical sea surface temperature anomalies. In From Atmospheric Circulation to Global Change - Celebration of the 80th Birthday of Prof. YE Duzheng, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing: China, China Meteorological Press, 549-572.
    Abstract

  55. Lau, N-C., and M.W. Crane, 1996: A satellite view of the synoptic-scale organization of cloud properties in midlatitude and tropical circulation systems. In International Workshop on Research Uses of ISCCP Datasets, World Climate Research Programme, WCRP-97, WMO/TD No. 790, WMO, 11.20.
    [No abstract]

  56. Lau, N-C., and M. J. Nath, 1996: The role of the "atmospheric bridge" in linking tropical Pacific ENSO events to extratropical SST anomalies. Journal of Climate, 9(9), 2036-2057.
    Abstract

  57. Lee, S., and J. L. Anderson, 1996: A simulation of atmospheric storm tracks with a forced barotropic model. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 53(15), 2113-2128.
    Abstract

  58. Levy II, H., W. J. Moxim, and P. Kasibhatla,1996: A global three-dimensional time-dependent lightning source of tropospheric NOx. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101(D17), 22,911-22,922.
    Abstract

  59. Li, J., and V. Ramaswamy, 1996: Four-stream spherical harmonic expansion approximation for solar radiative transfer. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 53(8), 1174-1186.
    Abstract

  60. Li, T., and S. G. H. Philander, 1996: On the annual cycle of the eastern equatorial Pacific. Journal of Climate, 9(12) Part I, 2986-2998.
    Abstract

  61. Li, X., P. Chang, and R. C. Pacanowski, 1996: A wave-induced stirring mechanism in the mid-depth equatorial ocean. Journal of Marine Research, 54(3), 487-520.
    Abstract

  62. Lindberg, C., and A. J. Broccoli, 1996: Representation of topography in spectral climate models and its effect on simulated precipitation. Journal of Climate, 9 (11), 2641-2659.
    Abstract

  63. Manabe, S., and R. J. Stouffer, 1996: Low-frequency variability of surface air temperature in a 1000-year integration of a coupled atmosphere-ocean-land surface model. Journal of Climate, 9(2), 376-393.
    Abstract

  64. Mellor, G. L., 1996: Introduction to Physical Oceanography. Woodbury, NY: American Institute of Physics, 260 pp.
    [No abstract]

  65. Mellor, G. L., and X-H. Wang, 1996: Pressure compensation and the bottom boundary layer. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 26(10), 2214-2222.
    Abstract

  66. Merrill, J. T., J. L. Moody, S. J. Oltmans, and H. Levy II, 1996: Meteorological analysis of tropospheric ozone profiles at Bermuda. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101(D22), 29,201-29,211.
    Abstract

  67. Milly, P. C. D., 1996: Effects of thermal vapor diffusion on seasonal dynamics of water in the unsaturated zone. Water Resources Research, 32(3), 509-518.
    Abstract

  68. Moody, J. L., J. C. Davenport, J. T. Merrill, S. J. Oltmans, D. D. Parrish, J. S. Holloway, H. Levy II, G. L. Forbes, M. Trainer, and M. Buhr, 1996: Meteorological mechanisms for transporting O3 over the western North Atlantic Ocean: A case study for August 24-29, 1993. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101(D22), 29,213-29,227.
    Abstract

  69. Moxim, W. J., H. Levy II, and P. S. Kasibhatla, 1996: Simulated global tropospheric PAN: Its transport and impact on NOx. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101(D7), 12,621-12,638.
    Abstract

  70. Murnane, R. J., J. K. Cochran, K. O. Buesseler, and M. P. Bacon, 1996: Least-squares estimates of thorium, particle, and nutrient cycling rate constants from the JGOFS North Atlantic Bloom Experiment. Deep-Sea Research I, 43(2), 239-258.
    Abstract

  71. Oey, L-Y., 1996: Flow around a coastal bend: A model of the Santa Barbara Channel eddy. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101(C7), 16,667-16,682.
    Abstract

  72. Oey, L-Y., 1996: Simulation of mesoscale variability in the Gulf of Mexico: Sensitivity studies, comparison with observations, and trapped wave propagation. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 26(2), 145-175.
    Abstract

  73. Oltmans, S. J., H. Levy II, J. M. Harris, J. T. Merrill, J. L. Moody, J. A. Lathrop, E. Cuevas, M. Trainer, M. S. O'Neill, J. M. Prospero, H. Vomel, and B. J. Johnson, 1996: Summer and spring ozone profiles over the North Atlantic from ozonesonde measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101(D22), 29,179-29,200.
    Abstract

  74. Oort, A. H. and J. J. Yienger, 1996: Observed interannual variability in the Hadley Circulation and its connection to ENSO. Journal of Climate, 9(11), 2751-2767.
    Abstract

  75. Overland, J. E., P. Turet, and A. H. Oort, 1996: Regional variations of moist static energy flux in the Arctic. Journal of Climate, 9(1), 54-65.
    Abstract

  76. Pavan, V., 1996: Sensitivity of a multi-layer quasi-geostrophic Beta-channel to the vertical structure of the equilibrium meridional temperature gradient. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 122, 55-72.
    Abstract

  77. Pavan, V., and I. M. Held, 1996: The diffusive approximation for eddy fluxes in baroclinically unstable jets. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 53(9), 1262-1272.
    Abstract

  78. Peixoto, J. P., and A. H. Oort, 1996: The climatology of relative humidity in the atmosphere. Journal of Climate, 9(12), 3443-3463.
    Abstract

  79. Peng, P., and N-C. Lau, 1996: Zonal mean flow/eddy relationship in a perpetual January GCM experiment. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop, U.S. Dept. of Commerce/NOAA/NWS, 216-219.
    [No abstract]

  80. Philander, S. G. H., 1996: El Niño, La Niña, and the Southern Oscillation. In Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather, Vol. 1, New York: Oxford University Press, 273-277.
    [No abstract]

  81. Philander, S. G. H., D. Gu, D. Halpern, G. Lambert, N-C. Lau, T. Li, and R.C. Pacanowski, 1996: Why the ITCZ is mostly north of the equator. Journal of Climate, 9(12) Part I, 2958-2972.
    Abstract

  82. Plueddemann, A. J., J. A. Smith, D. M. Farmer, R. A. Weller, W. R. Crawford, R. Pinkel, S. Vagle, and A. Gnanadesikan, 1996: Structure and variability of Langmuir circulation during the surface waves processes program. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101(C2), 3525-3543.
    Abstract

  83. Ramaswamy, V., 1996: Longwave radiation. In Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather, Vol. 2, New York: Oxford University Press, 478-481.
    [No abstract]

  84. Ramaswamy, V., and J. Li, 1996: A line-by-line investigation of solar radiative effects in vertically inhomogeneous low clouds. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 122(536), 1873-1890.
    Abstract

  85. Ramaswamy, V., and M. D. Schwarzkopf, W. J. Randel, 1996: Fingerprint of ozone depletion in the spatial and temporal pattern of recent lower-stratospheric cooling. Nature, 382, 616-618.
    Abstract

  86. Rosati, A., R. Gudgel, and K. Miyakoda, 1996: Global ocean data assimilation system. In Modern Approaches to Data Assimilation in Ocean Modeling, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science, 181-203.
    Abstract

  87. Santer, B. D., K. E. Taylor, T. M. L. Wigley, T. C. Johns, P. D. Jones, D. J. Karoly, J. F. B. Mitchell, A. H. Oort, J. E. Penner, V. Ramaswamy, M. D. Schwarzkopf, R. J. Stouffer, and S. Tett, 1996: A search for human influences on the thermal structure of the atmosphere. Nature, 382(6586), 39-46.
    Abstract

  88. Sarmiento, J. L., and C. Le Quéré, 1996: Oceanic carbon dioxide uptake in a model of century-scale global warming. Science, 274(5291), 1346-1350.
    Abstract

  89. Schimel, D., D. Alves, I. Enting, M. Heimann, F. Joos, D. Raynaud, T., Wigley, M. Prather, R. Derwent, D. Ehhalt, P. Fraser, E. Sanheuza, X. Zhou, P. Jonas, R. Charlson, H. Rodhe, S. Sadasivan, K. P. Shine, Y. Fouquart, V. Ramaswamy, S. Solomon, J., Srinivasan, D. Albritton, I. Isaksen, M. Lal, and D. Wuebbles, 1996: Radiative forcing of climate change. In Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 69-131.
    [No abstract]

  90. Schulz, J. P., L. Dumenil, J. Polcher, C.A. Schlosser, and Y. Xue, 1996: Land surface energy and moisture fluxes: comparing three models. Hamburg, Germany: Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, Report #221, 32 pp.
    Abstract

  91. Sirutis, J., 1996: Recent changes to the convective parameterization schemesin the GFDL spectral model. In Research Activities in Atmospheric and Oceanic Modelling, CAS/JSC Working Group on Numerical Experimentation, Report No. 23 WMO/TD No. 734, 4.41-4.42.
    [No abstract]

  92. Sirutis, J. J., and A. Rosati, 1996: The impact of cumulus convection parameterization in coupled air-sea models. In Preprints, 11th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction, Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 348-350.
    [No abstract]

  93. Slusser, J., K. Hammond, A. Kylling, K. Stamnes, L. Perliski, A. Dahlback, D. Anderson, and R. DeMajistre, 1996: Comparison of air mass computations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101(D5), 9315-9321.
    Abstract

  94. Soden, B. J., and F. P. Bretherton, 1996: Interpretation of TOVS water vapor radiances in terms of layer-average relative humidities: Method and climatology for the upper, middle, and lower troposphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101(D5), 9333-9343.
    Abstract

  95. Soden, B. J., and J. R. Lanzante, 1996: An assessment of satellite and radiosonde climatologies of upper-tropospheric water vapor. Journal of Climate, 9(6), 1235-1250.
    Abstract

  96. Soden, B. J., R. E. Tuleya, and C. S. Velden, 1996: Improving hurricane forecasts through the assimilation of satellite-derived winds. In 15th Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting, Boston: AMS, 505.
    [No abstract]

  97. Stern, W. F., and J. L. Anderson, 1996: Interannual variability of tropical intraseasonal oscillations in the GFDL/DERF GCM inferred from an ensemble of AMIP integrations. In Preprints, 11th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction, Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 15-16.
    [No abstract]

  98. Stern, W. F., and C. T. Gordon, 1996: Specifying and modeling snow cover in multi-year GCM integrations. In Research Activities in Atmospheric and Oceanic Modelling, CAS/JSC Working Group on Numerical Experimentation, Report No. 23 WMO/TD No. 734, 4.43-4.44.
    [No abstract]

  99. Stouffer, R. J., and S. Manabe, 1996: The role of the oceans in the variability of surface air temperature as found in a 1000 year integration of a coupled atmosphere-ocean model. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Dynamics and Statistics of Secular Climate Variations, Calverton, MD: Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies, Report 26, 27-31.
    [No abstract]

  100. Sun, D-Z, and I. M. Held, 1996: A comparison of modeled and observed relationships between interannual variations of water vapor and temperature. Journal of Climate, 9(4), 665-675.
    Abstract

  101. Toggweiler, J. R., E. Tziperman, Y. Feliks, K. Bryan, S. M. Griffies, and B. Samuels, 1996: Reply. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 26(6), 1106-1110.
    Abstract

  102. Treguier, A. M., J. K. Dukowicz, and K. Bryan, 1996: Properties of nonuniform grids used in ocean general circulation models. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101(C9), 20,877-20,881.
    Abstract

  103. Tuleya, R. E., M. A. Bender, and Y. Kurihara, 1996: Prediction of hurricane landfall using the GFDL model. In Preprints, 11th Conference on Numerical Weather Prediction, Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 407-408.
    [No abstract]

  104. Vinnikov, K. Y., A. Robock, R. J. Stouffer, and S. Manabe, 1996: Vertical patterns of free and forced climate variations. Geophysical Research Letters, 23(14), 1801-1804.
    Abstract

  105. Vitart, F., J. L. Anderson, and W. F. Stern, 1996: Potential predictability of tropical storms in an ensemble of forecasts. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop, U.S. Dept. of Commerce/NOAA/NWS, 263-266.
    [No abstract]

  106. Vitart, F., J. Anderson, and W. Stern, 1996: Potential predictability of tropical storms in ensemble GCM simulations. In Research Activities in Atmospheric and Oceanic Modelling, CAS/JSC Working Group on Numerical Experimentation, Report No. 23 WMO/TD No. 734, 6.32.
    [No abstract]

  107. Vitart, F., A. H. Oort, and K. Mo, 1996: New results on the hydrology of the North African desert, based on the NMC reanalyses. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop, U.S. Dept. of Commerce/NOAA/NWS, 191-194.
    [No abstract]

  108. Wacongne, S., and R. Pacanowski, 1996: Seasonal heat transport in a primitive equations model of the tropical Indian Ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 26(12), 2666-2699.
    Abstract

  109. Westphal, D. L., S. Kinne, P. Pilewskie, J. M. Alvarez, P. Minnis, D. F. Young, S. G. Benjamin, W. L. Eberhard, R. A. Kropfli, S. Y. Matrosov, J. B. Snider, T. A. Uttal, A. J. Heymsfield, G. G. Mace, S. H. Melfi, D. O'C. Starr, and B. J. Soden, 1996: Initialization and validation of a simulation of Cirrus using FIRE-II data. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 53(23), 3397-3429.
    Abstract

  110. Wetherald, R. T., 1996: Feedback processes in the GFDL R30-14 level general circulation model. In Climate Sensitivity to Radiative Perturbations: Physical Mechanisms and Their Validation, NATO ASI Series I, Vol. 34, Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 251-266.
    [No abstract]

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