Ploshay, J. J., W. F. Stern, and K. Miyakoda, 1992: FGGE reanalysis at GFDL. Monthly Weather Review, 120(9), 2083-2108.

Abstract: The reanalysis of FGGE [First GARP (Global Atmospheric Research Program) Global Experiment] data for 128 days during two special observing periods has been performed, using an improved data-assimilation system and the revised FGGE level II dataset. The data-assimilation scheme features forward continuous (in time) data injection in both the original and the new systems. However, the major revisions in the new system include a better first guess and a more efficient dynamical balancing for the assimilation of observed data. The results of the implementation of this system are assessed by intercomparisons among the new FGGE analysis of other institutions such as ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) and NMC (National Meteorological Center, Washington, D.C.), and also the original GFDL (Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory) analysis. The quality of the new GFDL analysis is now comparable to those of the other two institutions. However, the moisture analysis appears to be appreciably different, suggesting that the cumulus convection parameterizations and the boundary-layer moisture fluxes in the models are responsible for this discrepancy.

A detailed investigation of the results has been carried out by comparing the analyses with radiosonde observations. This verification reveals that temperature and wind differences have been reduced considerably from the original to the new GFDL analysis; they are now competitive with those of ECMWF and NMC, while with regard to the geopotential height, differences of the GFDL reanalysis are larger than the original GFDL as well as the ECMWF and the NMC. A comparative study is also made with UCLA analyses over Asia in connection with the Indian monsoon. The results indicate that the qualities of both analyses are comparable. The capability of representing Madden-Julian oscillations in the reanalysis and in the ECMWF and old GFDL analysis is investigated by comparing with satellite observations. It is revealed that these oscillations are successfully reproduced by the new analysis; however, the agreement with the satellite data is not quite satisfactory. The utilization of satellite-observed wind (satobs) and aircraft data (aireps) in the data assimilation needs particular care. It appears that the quality control of these data in the GFDL reanalysis is too restrictive; in other words, the toss-out criterion of wind data is too small. A consequence of the failure to accept some single-level data turns out to be a fairly large discrepancy in representing the maximum wind speed in the analysis. It is also discussed that the current forward continuous-injection scheme is not adequate to obtain diabatic quantities for the archive.