Fels, S. B., J. T. Keihl, A. A. Lacis, and M. D. Schwarzkopf, 1991: Infrared cooling rate calculations in operational general circulation models: Comparisons with benchmark computations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 96(D5), 9105-9120.

Abstract: As part of the Intercomparison of Radiation Codes in Climate Models (ICRCCM) project, careful comparisons of the performance of a large number of radiation codes were carried out, and the results compared with those of benchmark calculations. In this paper, we document the performance of a number of parameterized models which have been heavily used in climate and numerical prediction research at three institutions: Geophysical Fluid Dynmaics Laboratory (GFDL), National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), and Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS).