Joos, F., J. L. Sarmiento, and U. Siegenthaler, 1991: Estimates of the effect of Southern Ocean iron fertilization on atmospheric CO₂ concentrations. Nature, 349(6312), 772-774.

Abstract: It has been suggested that fertilizing the ocean with iron might offset the continuing increase in atmospheric CO₂ by enhancing the biological uptake of carbon, thereby decreasing the surface-ocean partial pressure of CO₂ and drawing down CO₂ from the atmosphere. Using a box model, we present estimates of the maximum possible effect of iron fertilization, assuming that iron is continuously added to the phosphate-rich waters of the Southern Ocean, which corresponds to 16% of the world ocean surface. We find that after 100 years of fertilization, the atmospheric CO₂ concentration would be 59 p.p.m. below what it would have been with no fertilization, assuming no anthropogenic CO₂ emissions, and 90-107 p.p.m. less when anthropogenic emissions are included in the calculation. Such a large uptake of CO₂ is unllikely to be achieved in practice, owing to a variety of constraints that require further study; the effect of iron fertilization on the ecology of the Southern Ocean also remains to be evaluated. Thus, the most effective and reliable strategy for reducing future increases in atmospheric CO₂ continues to be control of anthropogenic emissions.