Levy, H., II, 1989: Simulated global deposition of reactive nitrogen emitted by fossil fuel combustion. In Atmospheric Deposition, IAHS Publication No. 179, 3-9.

Abstract: We use the medium resolution (265 km horizontal grid) Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) general circulation transport model to simulate the global deposition of reactive nitrogen emitted by fossil fuel combustion. The nirtogen species are transported as a single tracer, the global parameter for wet deposition is based on the observed wet deposition of nitrogen over North America, and constant bulk coefficients for dry depostion over land and sea are pre-calculated from measured concentrations and deposition velocities. The simulated yearly wet depositions in Europe, as well as nearby and distant export sites, are in reasonable agreement with observations. The agreement is generally quite good and almost always within a factor of 2. No more than 1.4 Tg of the 21.3 Tg of nitrogen emitted by fossil fuel combustion are deposited in the Southern Hemisphere, yet this source accounts for less than 10% of the apparent background deposition. The 4 Tg of nitrogen exported by the three major source regions (US/Canada, Europe, and Asia) accounts for most of the deposition over the remote Northern Hemisphere. The simulated deposition over the North Pacific, which is in good agreement with estimates based on recent observations, is dominated by emissions from Asia, while US/Canadian emissions dominate deposition over the North Atlantic.