Halpern, D., R. A. Knox, D. S. Luther, and S. G. H. Philander, 1989: Estimates of equatorial upwelling between 140 degrees and 110 degrees W during 1984. Journal of Geophysical Research, 94 (C6), 8018-8020.

Abstract: The equation of continuity is used to estimate profiles of vertical velocity between 25 and 120 m from moored current measurements in arrays nested within the triangle with vertices located at 1 degree 30' S, 140 degrees W and along the equator at 140 degrees and 110 degrees W during December 1983 through March 1984 and May-September 1984. All directions of the 4- to 5-month mean values were upward. The ensemble averaged mean vertical velocity was 2.2 x 10^-5 ms^-1. Upwelling speeds decreased eastward.