Miyakoda, K., and A. Rosati, 1984: Variation of sea surface temperature in 1976 and 1977, Pt. 2: Simulation with mixed layer models. Journal of Geophysical Research, 89 (C4), 6533-6542.

Abstract: In connection with a study of the extreme weather events over the North American continent in January 1977, analyses were performed to investigate characteristic properties of spatial and temporal variations of sea surface temperature for the years 1976 and 1977 by using the world distribution of sea surface temperature described in the accompanying paper, Pt. 1. The time evolutions of ocean temperature patterns for these years are displayed by latitudinal distribution diagrams of sea surface temperature and by longitude-time (Hovmoller) diagrams. Gill-Turner's integral model and Mellor-Durbin's turbulence closure model of the mixed layer were applied to calculate the sea surface temperature anomaly in the Northern Hemisphere by using realistic atmospheric forcing. An increase of time variability of the external forcing leads to an appreciably improved simulation of the sea surface temperature anomaly fields. Both models gave reasonable predictions for <> 5 months in wintertime if the realistic external forcings were specified.