Miyakoda, K., and J. Sirutis, 1977: Comparative intergrations of global models with various parameterized processes of subgrid-scale vertical transports: Description of the parameterizations. Beiträge zur Physik der Atmosphäre [Contributions to Atmospheric Physics], 50, 445-487.

Abstract: The effects of the parameterization of the vertical eddy transport on the general circulation were studied comparatively by including various schemes in a global finite difference model. Models with different combinations of parameterization schemes for the surface layer transfer, the planetary boundary layer processes and the cumulus convection were discussed. For the surface layer, two versions of the treatments were considered; they are Prandtl's aerodynamical method and the Monin-Obukhov version for constant-flux layer, which includes the effect related to the Richardson number. For the turbulent transfer processes in the rest of the PBL as well as the free atmosphere, the mixing length approach for neutral thermal stratification, the Mellor-Yamada's turbulence closure models, and the mixed layer method of Randall-Arakawa are included. For the ensemble cumulus convection, one scheme is the moist convective adjustment of Manabe et al. (1965) and the other is the scheme based on the recent theory of Arakawa et al. (1974).
The preliminary numerical results of these experiments have revealed that the turbulent closure model of a certain hierarchy level performed satisfactorily, and that the resulting vertical structure of tropical cumulus clouds and the horizontal rain distribution were different between the UCLA version of cumulus convection and the moist convective adjustment. The UCLA scheme of cumulus convection produced a deeper penetrative convection than the moist convective adjustment, and the distribution of rainfall relative to trough and ridge of tropical trade wind easterlies was also different between the two schemes.