Mahlman, J. D., and S. Manabe, 1972: Numerical simulation of the stratosphere: implications for related climate change problems. In Climatic Impact Assessment Program, Proceedings of the Survey Conference, Department of Transportation, 186-193.

Abstract: Current results are presented from an atmospheric simulation model which extends to a height of about 30 km. The model is global and contains 11 vertical levels with a horizontal resolution of about 265 km. Realistic topography, an annual march of radiation, sea surface temperature, and water vapor effects are included.
Zonal-mean cross-sections of temperature and zonal wind are shown and compared with reality. The results indicate close agreement with observations except for a few important exceptions; e.g., the simulated stratospheric polar night vortex is about a factor of two stronger than the observed. Synoptic charts for the 38-millibar pressure level are shown for different seasons of the year. These reveal a satisfactory simulation of the stratospheric winter Aleutian anticyclone and polar vortex, as well as the summertime easterlies.
Special attention is directed toward the problems of using atmospheric simulation models to study mechanisms acting to redistribute trace substances. Numerical and physical problems of modeling tracer advection, sub-grid-scale transfer, sources, and sinks are discussed in relation to the climate change problem. On the basis of current experience, some speculations are offered on efforts toward solving problems in which the distribution of tracers affects, and is affected by, the dynamics of the stratosphere.